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^ W. B. LAWRENCE SHADE 0B. REPLECTOREOR rET EG'JRIG LIGHTS.

No. 416.682. Patented Deo. 3, 1889.

`UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.`

'WILLIAM E. LAWRENCE, oF NEW YORK, N. Y., AssIeNoE oF oNE-IIALF ToALFRED A. MCCEEAEY, oF sAME PLACE.

SHADE OR REFLECTOR FOR lIEIlLECTRlC LIGHTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 416,682, dated December3, `1889. Application filed July 10, 1886. Renewed August 2, 1888. Againrenewed May 2l, 1889. Serial No. 311,504. (No model.)

the object of the saine is, by means of a revolu-` ble and adjustableshade or screen made of any variety of opaque or translucent mate- 4I 5rial, ando'f such shape that it will conform to .and fit closely overthe globe or glass used upon the lamp, to produce any desired effectwith the light, such as a peculiar color, a given direction7 and anincreased illuminatzo ing-power, according to the particular pur` posefor which the lamp is employed, by merely changing or revolving theshade or reflector.

My invention, which consists in applying to 2 5 a lamp a shade orreflector of the above character, and in providing certain mechanism foradjusting the same, will be best understood by reference to theaccom panyi n g drawings, in Which- 3o Figure 1 shows the invention applied tothe ordinary form of incandescent lamp. Fig. 2 is a view showing themanner of attaching the shade and the lamp. Figs. 3 and 4 are views ofdetails of the manner of attaching 3 5 the lamp and the shade, and Fig.5 shows the shade or reflector applied to the ordinary form of arc lamp.

Similar letters have reference to similar parts throughout the severalviews.

In the drawings, A represents the globe of an incandescent or arclamp,which is attached in any convenient manner.

In Figs. l, 2, 3, and 4, of which the former shows the incandescent lampand the three '45 latter the manner in'which the shade isattached,theglobe A, Fig. 1, fits into a sleeve B, Figs. 2 and 3, whichcontains the light- Wires ct ct. The sleeve B in turn lits into thesocket D, Fig. 2, on the bracket, to which the 5o lightLWires areapplied, and is held in position and attached by means of theshoulder-pins CZ d, Figs. 2 and 3, fitting into the groove d on theinterior of the socket.

cover one-half of the lamp-globe, and it ter.-

niinates at the end at Which thelamp is attached in a circular neck E,of sufficient diameter to' enable it to slide loosely around the socketD, into which the sleeve B of the lamp fits, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.For the purpose of holding the shadein any desired position on thelamp', the method of attachment shown in Figs. l, 2, and t is provided.In

these views m m represent any number of flat springs arranged around thesocket D, the same being fastened at one extremity by the screws o 0 toa sliding `ring n on the socket, so that when the shade S is placed overthe socketD the springs m m will press upon the interior of the circularneck E of the shade and hold it fast. The ring/n is broken at any onepoint and at the point of juncture is provided with the flanges k lo,through Which the screwppasses. `The. ring fn can be placed atanyconvenient polnt on the socket D by loosening the screw p and slidingthe ring to the point desired and then tightening the screw.

To remove the shade, it is only necessary to turn the globe A in thesocket and unloosen and remove it, and then to pull the shade orrefiector S over the extremity of the springs m m, which are within theneck, and thus re- 'lfhe incandescent lamp and L lease the same. thereiiector S having been thus removed together from the socket, the globeor bulb is then lifted out of the shade S, the larger portion beingdrawn out first and thesleeve B emerging last from the neck E. To adjusta shade, the globe is loosened from the socket and the globe pushed,sleeve first, intothe shade S. The neck of the shade is then pushed overthe springs, and the sleeve B passes between them and into the socket D.By ro- IOO tating the globe and shade on the sleeve until the pins d dcatch in the seats, as before, the former ismade fast and the latterwill have already been caught and held by the springs. To adjust theglobe, the extremities of the springs are compressed by the hand and theneck of the shade forced over Kthem, and the globe then inserted in thesame manner as it is Withdrawn.

Any other method of attaching t-he shade may be adopted that will permitof its being readily removed and easily adjusted at any convenient planeto the lamp.

Fig. 5 shows one of the many formsl of arc lamps, and is designed toshow what is termed theV ordinary single-carbon Brush lamp. In this viewc and c are the candles and e the socket which supports the lower candle0'; f f, the supporting-arms; F, the frame of the lamp, and A the globe.As in the other views, the shade S is made to conform in shape, asnearly as possible, to the globe A, and terminates in a neck E, asbefore, which encircles the socket e and is held in position by means ofthe springs m, attached, as before, to the ring n, which is adjustableupon the socket c in the same manner as in the case of the incandescentlamp shown in the previousl 7-described figures. Any other convenientmeans of mounting and holding the shade S may be resorted to, providedthat it admits of easily removing and adjusting the same.

The shade S may be made of any desirable material, according to thepurposes for which it is used, and owing to the fact that it conforms soclosely in shape to the lamp-globe as to become practically an outercovering to the same the color, direction, or intensity of the lightwill be changed, modified, or controlled, according as the shade orreflector is changed or rotated.4 Any variety of shades may be employed,made of any desirable material, and they may be changed or substitutedfrom time to time, according' to the purpose for which the light isused. \Vhere it is desired to give anyparticular color or tintto thelight, the shade may be made of glass, opaque or translucent, or ofporcelain, of the particular color or tint desired. NVhere it is desiredto have the shade serve principally as a reiector, it may be made ofpolished metal, or metal on glass coated with mercury, gold, or silver,and where it is desired to give a variegated color to the light shadesof iridescent or opalescent glass may be used.

In case the shade is to be used upon the electric lamps in libraries orreading-rooms it will be found preferable to make them of whiteporcelain of thickness such as will allow the light to pass through it.The intensity of the light may then be linstantly diminished by sorotating the shade that the same shall come between the globe of thelamp and the reader. To produce concentration or reiect-ion of the lightin any given direction, or for totally cutting off the same, metallicshades would ordinarily be used. Theshades may be fitted to any of theordinary forms of incandescent or arc lamps now in use without anyfurther expense than the cost of the shades and holders and the merelifting of the latter to the lamp, and by having a selection of shadesof different character or color a variety of different andstrikingly-beautiful effects may be produced With an ordinary electriclight.

Owing to the simplicity of the invention and its great cheapness theshades may be readily replaced from time to time as they get broken orbent at a comparatively small cost.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination, with the globe of an electriclamp, of a revoluble and adjustable shade or reflector conforming inshape to the globe, fitting closely around a part of the same,substantially as hereinbefore set forth, by which means shades ofdifferent colors or redectors can be employed interchangeably, and byrevolving the latter the direction and intensity of the light can bechanged or modified at pleasure.

2. The combination, with the globe of an electric lamp, of a revolubleand adjustable shade or reiiector conforming in shape to the globe andfitting closely around a part of the same, provided at its'extremitywith a circular neck itting over the socket of the lamp, substantiallyas hereinbefore set forth, by Which means shades of different colors orreflectors can be employed interchangeably. and by revolving the latterthe direction'and intensity of the light can be changed or modified atpleasure.

3. The combination, with the globe of an electric lamp, vof a revolubleand adjustable shade or reflector conforming in shape to the globe andfitting closely around a part of the same, substantially as hereinbeforeset forth, made of porcelain, glass, metal, or other material, andprovided with a neck formed integrally therewith, fitting over thesocket of the lamp, a sliding ring upon said socket provided Withsprings pressing on the exterior of the neck of said shade for holdingthe same in any position, and means, substantially as described, foradjusting said ring vertically upon the socket.

4. The combination, with the globe of an electric lamp, of a revolubleand adjustable shade or reflector conforming in shape to the globe ofthe lamp and fitting closely over a part of the same, arranged to beremoved and replaced by a similar shade or reflector ot' differentmaterial or color, substantially as hereinbefore set forth, by whichmeans shades of different colors or reflectors can be employedinterchangeably, and by revolving the latter the direction and intensityof the light can be changed or modified at pleasure.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York,this 9th day of July, A. D. 1886.

VVILLAM B. LAVRENCE. lVitnesses:

JACOB Morin, J AMES CLEARY, Jr.

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